Infectious Disease Research Institute
The 2011 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology has been awarded to three scientists for their research into the human immune system. The recipients are U.S. scientist Bruce Beutler; Jules Hoffman, a native of Luxembourg based in France; and Ralph Steinman, a Canadian who was based in the U.S. until his death on September 30. It is unusual that a Nobel Prize would be awarded posthumously.
The announcment came in a statement from Sweden's Karolinska Institute medical school, a committee of which decides on the recipients of the Nobel Prize In Medicine. The statement said that one half of the prize would jointly go to Beutler and Hoffman for their discovery in respect of the activation of innate immunity, with the other half going to Steinman for his work in discovering the dendritic cell and the role it plays in adaptive immunity.
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